Health and welfare systems in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) have much in common, but the responses to COVID-19 have been very different in terms of health communication, testing and tracing, physical distancing and rules for quarantine and isolation.

Countries are again being confronted with a surge in COVID-19 infections and hospitalizations. Scaling up health workforce capacity for COVID-19 patients is therefore of utmost importance.

The COVID-19 crisis has put huge pressure on financing mechanisms to ensure providers can treat COVID-19 cases whilst maintaining other services and remaining solvent.

With the surge of infections and the increasing number of COVID-19 patients scaling-up hospital capacity is on the agenda again.

Successful responses to the COVID-19 pandemic require coordination within and across governments. Within governments, leaders centralised power early in the response, concentrating their authority.

The importance of scaling-up testing to detect and prevent transmission of COVID-19 cannot be overestimated. Testing can only be effective as part of a whole-systems response.

Through the Foresight Capacity Building course, we aim to develop and provide foresight capacity for all European Member States.

Through the Foresight Capacity Building course, we aim to develop and provide foresight capacity for all European Member States.

Through the Foresight Capacity Building course, we aim to develop and provide foresight capacity for all European Member States.